Red Square, located in the heart of Moscow, is a hub of history, culture, and architecture that attracts millions of visitors each year. This iconic square has witnessed numerous significant events in Russian history and offers an array of historical attractions for both local and international tourists. Here are some of the best historical attractions around Red Square that you should not miss.
Kremlin
The Kremlin is perhaps the most famous fortress in Russia and a UNESCO World Heritage site. It serves as the official residence of the President of Russia and is a symbol of Russian power and governance. Visitors can explore its grand palaces, cathedrals, and the iconic red walls that date back to the 15th century. Don't forget to check out the Armory Chamber, which houses a stunning collection of royal treasures.
Saint Basil's Cathedral
One of the most recognizable landmarks in Moscow, Saint Basil's Cathedral features a unique and colorful design that is a feast for the eyes. Built in the 16th century to commemorate Ivan the Terrible's victory over Kazan, this architectural masterpiece showcases nine chapels and magnificent onion domes. Visitors can explore its interior where beautiful frescoes and intricate designs await.
State Historical Museum
Located on the northern side of Red Square, the State Historical Museum is dedicated to showcasing the rich heritage of Russia. The museum's vast collection includes artifacts from prehistoric times to the present, including paintings, documents, and even suits of armor. The building itself, with its striking red façade, is an excellent example of Russian Revival architecture.
Lenin's Mausoleum
For those interested in Soviet history, Lenin's Mausoleum is a must-visit. This granite tomb houses the embalmed body of Vladimir Lenin, the founder of the Soviet Union. Visitors can pay their respects and learn about Lenin's impact on Russian society. Keep in mind that the mausoleum has specific visiting hours, so it's best to plan your visit accordingly.
GUM Department Store
While GUM may be a shopping destination, its history adds to its charm. Built in the late 19th century, this grand shopping mall is an architectural gem that features a stunning glass roof and a variety of luxury shops. Take a break from shopping to admire the building's beautiful interiors and learn about its role during the Soviet era, where it was a centerpiece of Russian commerce.
Bolshoi Theatre
Just a short walk from Red Square, the Bolshoi Theatre is a prominent cultural institution in Moscow and one of the leading opera and ballet theaters in the world. The theatre's rich history dates back to 1776, and its opulent neoclassical architecture captivates visitors. Attending a performance or taking a guided tour can provide insight into the theatre's storied past.
State Museum of Fine Arts
One of the finest art museums in Russia, the State Museum of Fine Arts boasts an impressive collection of artworks spanning different epochs and cultures. The museum features pieces from ancient Egypt to masterpieces of Impressionism. Its architecture and the surrounding area make it a suitable location for those interested in art history and museum culture.
Conclusion
Exploring the historical attractions around Red Square offers a glimpse into Russia’s rich past and vibrant culture. From the iconic Kremlin to the colorful Saint Basil's Cathedral, there is something for everyone to appreciate. Make sure to allow enough time to soak in the history and artistry that this iconic location has to offer during your visit to Moscow.